Revitalize Health & Immunity: A Unique Formulation to Combat Oxidative Stress and Support Pet’s Health

Aging is a process characterized by progressive loss of tissue and organ function as well as immune system function. Based on the oxidative stress theory of aging [1], these functional losses are due to the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the antioxidant defenses in the body. [2,3]  Accordingly, aging could be considered a chronic inflammatory process which leads to oxidative damage of tissues (e.g. skin, joints, blood vessels), organs (e.g. heart, kidneys, brain, intestine) and decline of the immune system function.Revitalize Health & Immunity is a unique formulation combining 3 groups of supplements:

• A vascular blend, including hyaluronic acid, glucosamine, MSM, chondroitin, nattokinase and other building blocks needed for restoring your pet’s joints, skin, kidneys, and vascular system.

 

• An antioxidant blend, including spirulina, resveratrol, and other powerful antioxidants to protect your pet’s cells from oxidative stress, providing anti-inflammatory support, relief from allergies and boost the immune system.

 

• A digestive blend, including betaine HCl, taurine, and choline to support your pet’s gut health, help with allergies, boost the immune system, and stimulate the appetite.

  The vascular blend The cardiovascular system delivers oxygen and nutrients to every cell in the body, including all the tissues and organs and removes CO₂ and waste from every cell, in the body. Therefore, the health of the cardiovascular system is crucial for the body’s overall health. An essential component of the cardiovascular system is the endothelial glycocalyx (GCX) [4], a mesh-like of glycoproteins and glycolipids that lines the inside of all blood vessels in the body, forming an interface between the bloodstream and the wall of the blood vessel. The GCX also plays a crucial role in the digestive track and governs the glomerular filtration in the kidneys. In fact, it is well known that deterioration of the GCX is associated with aging and diseases such as diabetes, kidney disease, inflammatory conditions, viral infection, and many more. [5,6] Maintaining an intact GCX is essential not only for a properly functioning cardiovascular system but for maintaining the health and function of the main organs in the body. Recent studies have shown how dietary supplementation of GCX precursor can restore a deteriorated GCX in mice [7] and humans.[8] Therefore, Revitalize is formulated to provide the essential building blocks needed for restoring your pet’s GCX.   The antioxidant blend   One of the most recognized consequences of aging is a decline in the activity of the immune system. This immune senescence could result from continuous oxidative stress. In fact, the immune cell functions are linked to generation of ROS as signaling messengers.[9] However, excessive amounts of ROS result in oxidative stress, causing cell and tissue damage. Therefore, the antioxidant/oxidant balance plays a crucial role in protecting immune cells from the oxidative stress and preserving their function.[10] Although the effect of antioxidant supplementation on the immune system is still under debate, some studies and clinical trials have found that antioxidant supplementation can significantly improve certain immune responses.[11,12] Several studies have also reported the positive effect of antioxidant supplementation on enhancing the antioxidant defense [13] and the immune system of older dogs [14,15] and cats [16] to a level similar to that seen in their younger counterparts. Therefore, the antioxidant blend in Revitalize is formulated to provide the most effective antioxidants to help your pets restoring and enhancing their immune system. The digestive blend   The digestive system plays a major role in your pet’s overall health as it is responsible for bringing nutrients to its body and it is an important source of immune function.[17,18] As discussed above, aging is also accompanied by loss functionality of the digestive system with reduced ability to digest fat and proteins.[19] The digestive blend in Revitalize is formulated to promote a healthy digestive system and stimulate your pet’s appetite. The digestive blend includes:

• Betaine HCl, which aids in the breakdown and digestion of protein, of particular importance especially for older pets as their production of hydrochloric acid (HCl) declines with age. In fact, an adequate level of stomach acid, is essential to activates digestive enzymes that break down food into small proteins for absorption. Low stomach acid can contribute to stomach aches, poor digestion, burping and bad breath.
• Taurine, is an amino sulfonic acid which is critical for many organ functions and digestion. Taurine’s most well-defined role is conjugation of bile salts in the liver. When taurine is limited, most mammals can conjugate bile salts with glycine, exceptions being the dog and the cat, which conjugate bile salts almost exclusively with taurine. In fact, taurine deficiency may cause digestive disturbances.[20]
• Other supplements playing an essential role in fat metabolism in the liver, preventing abnormal accumulation of fat, of particular importance for cats that are easily prone to develop fatty liver disease.

  These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.   REFERENCES [1] Lin M. T, Beal M. F. The oxidative damage theory of aging. Clinical Neurosci. Res. 2 (2003) 305–315. [2] Liguori I., Russo G.,Curcio F., Bulli G., Aran L., Della-Morte D., Gargiulo G., Testa G., Cacciatore F., Bonaduce D., Abete P. Oxidative stress, aging, and diseases. Clinical Interventions in Aging 13 (2018) 757–772. [3] Salmon A. B., Richardson A., Pérez V. I. Update on the oxidative stress theory of aging: Does oxidative stress play a role in aging or healthy aging? Free Radical Biology & Medicine 48 (2010) 642–655. [4] Reitsma S., Slaaf D. W., Vink H., van Zandvoort M. A. M. J., oude Egbrink M. G. A. The endothelial glycocalyx: composition, functions, and visualization. Pflugers Arch. 454(2007): 345–359. [5] Yilmaz O., Afsar B., Ortiz A., Kanbay M. The role of endothelial glycocalyx in health and disease. Clin Kidney J. 12(5) (2019) 611–619. [6] Machin D. R., Phuong T. T. T., Donato A. J. The role of the endothelial glycocalyx in advanced age and cardiovascular disease. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 45 (2019) 66-71 [7] Machin D. R., Nguyen D, Bramwell R. C., Lesniewski L. A., Donato A. J. Dietary Glycocalyx Precursor Supplementation Ameliorates Age‐Related Vascular Dysfunction. Exp. Biol. 33(S1) (2019) 828.1-828.1 [8] Long et al. (43) Synergistic glycocalyx treatment composition and methods. US 2016/0296603 A1 US 20160296.603A1 (2016). [9] YuYang Y., Bazhin A. V., Werner J., Karakhanova S. Reactive Oxygen Species in the Immune System. Int. Rev. Immunol. 32 (3) (2013) 249-270. [10] Knight JA. Review: free radicals, antioxidants and immune system. Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci. 30 (2000) 145 – 158. [11] De la Fuente M. Effects of antioxidants on immune system ageing. Eur. J. of Clin. Nutr. 56 (2002) 3, S5–S8. [12] Bendich A.  Physiological Role of Antioxidants In the Immune System. Symposium: Antioxidants, Immune response and Animal function. J. Dairy Sci. 76 (1993) 2789-2794. [13] Kim M. Y., Cheong S. H., Lee J. H., Kim M. J., Sok D-E., Kim M. R. Spirulina Improves Antioxidant Status by Reducing Oxidative Stress in Rabbits Fed a High-Cholesterol Die. J. Med. Food. 13 (2) 2010, 420–426. [14] Mathew L. M., Woode R. A., Axiak-Bechtel S. M., Amorim J. R., DeClue A. E. Resveratrol administration increases phagocytosis, decreases oxidative burst, and promotes pro-inflammatory cytokine production in healthy dogs. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 203 (2018) 21-29. [15] Massimino S., Kearns R. J., Loos K. M., Burr J., Park J. S., Chew B., Adams S., Hayek M. G. Effects of age and dietary beta-carotene on immunological variables in dogs J. Vet. Intern. Med. 17(6) (2003) 835-842. [16] O’Brien T., Thomas D. G., Morel P. C. H., Rutherfurd-Markwick K. J. Moderate dietary supplementation with vitamin E enhances lymphocyte functionality in the adult cat. Res. Vet. Sci. 99 (2015) 63-69. [17] Pitma R. S., Blumberg R. S. First line of defense: the role of the intestinal epithelium as an active component of the mucosal immune system. J. Gastroenterol. 35 (2000) 805–814. [18] Tizard I. R., Jones S. W. The Microbiota Regulates Immunity and Immunologic Diseases in Dogs and Cats. Vet. Clin. North Am: Small An. Pract. 48 (2) (2018) 307-322. [19] Laflamme D., Gunn-Moore D., Nutrition of Aging Cats. Vet. Clin. Small Anim. 44 (2014) 761–774. [20] Taurine: Nutritional Value and Mechanisms of Action Editors: Lombardini, John B., Schaffer, Stephen W., Azuma, Junichi (Eds.) Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 315 (1992).