Revitalize Hydration: Maintaining electrolytes balance through hydration

  Optimal health starts with a good fluid balance. Poor fluid balance leads to dehydration and disturbance of electrolytes, affecting heart, kidneys, and the brain. Our formula helps maintaining an optimal fluid balance with:

• Potassium, the main electrolyte essential for fluid balance.

Lower plasma potassium can affect cats with chronic kidney disease leading to the progression of the disease. Likewise, the over-excretion of potassium by the kidney can increase the plasma sodium levels causing high blood pressure [1]. Therefore, a balance of electrolytes led by potassium is essential to maintain good blood pressure. Many pet diets may not meet the minimum required concentrations for several minerals, including potassium [2], hence the need of this supplement.  

• MSM, “the miracle mineral”, source of biologically active sulfur, one of the most abundant minerals in the body, improves skin elasticity and hydration [3].

Recent studies demonstrated that MSM can promote hair quality improvement in kittens, as well as to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties [4-6].  

• Taurine, “the wonder molecule” and essential amino acid, regulator of fluid-electrolyte balance.

A taurine-deficient diet has been shown to impact cats and dogs’ health in numerous ways, affecting the vascular and neuro systems, as well as immune responses. This is clear evidence for the importance of taurine [7,8]. Taurine has anti-inflammatory effects and has been shown to prevent cardiovascular disease by promoting hydration and balancing electrolytes in the plasma consequently lowering blood pressure [9, 10].  

• Citrate and bicarbonate, buffering agents to help maintain a normal blood and urinary pH.

Potassium citrate is rapidly absorbed when given orally and is excreted in the urine. Because citrate is a chelator of calcium ions, it may be beneficial in dissolving calcium oxalate crystals [11]. Dietary inclusion of potassium bicarbonate could also be beneficial for the prevention of calcium oxalate urolith formation in cats and dogs since there is an association between a lower renal Ca excretion and a generally higher urine pH [12].   References [1] Tang P.K., Geddes R.F., Chang Y.M., Jepson R.E., Bijsmans E., Elliott J. Risk factors associated with disturbances of calcium homeostasis after initiation of a phosphate-restricted diet in cats with chronic kidney disease. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 35 (2021) 321-332. [2] Tanprasertsuk J., Tate D.E., Shmalberg J. Roles of plant-based ingredients and phytonutrients in canine nutrition and health. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. (Berl). 106 (2022) 586-613. [3] Muizzuddin N., Benjamin R. Beauty from within: Oral administration of a sulfur-containing supplement methylsulfonylmethane improves signs of skin ageing. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 92 (2022) 182-191 [4] Kim Y.H., Kim D.H., Lim H., Baek D.Y., Shin H.K., Kim J.K. The anti-inflammatory effects of methylsulfonylmethane on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in murine macrophages. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 32 (2009) 651-656. [5] Beilke M.A., Collins-Lech C., Sohnle P.G. Effects of dimethyl sulfoxide on the oxidative function of human neutrophils. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 110 (1987) 91-96. [6] Guo D., Zhang L., Zhang L., Han S., Yang K., Lin X., Wen C., Tong A., Zhang M., Yin Y., Deng B. Effect of Dietary Methylsulfonylmethane Supplementation on Growth Performance, Hair Quality, Fecal Microbiota, and Metabolome in Ragdoll Kittens. Front. Microbiol. 13 (2022) 838164. [7] Backus R.C., Ko K.S., Fascetti A.J., Kittleson M.D., Macdonald K.A., Maggs D.J., Berg J.R., Rogers Q.R. Low plasma taurine concentration in Newfoundland dogs is associated with low plasma methionine and cyst(e)ine concentrations and low taurine synthesis. J. Nutr. (2006) 2525-2533. [8] Hayes K.C., Trautwein E.A. Taurine deficiency syndrome in cats. Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. 19 (1989) 403-413. [9] Qaradakhi T., Gadanec L.K., McSweeney K.R., Abraham J.R., Apostolopoulos V., Zulli A. The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Taurine on Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients. 12 (2020) 2847. [10] Niu L.G., Zhang M.S., Liu Y., Xue W.X., Liu D.B., Zhang J., Liang Y.Q. Vasorelaxant effect of taurine is diminished by tetraethylammonium in rat isolated arteries. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 580 (2008) 169-174. [11] Lulich J. P., Berent A. C., Adams L. G., Westropp J. L. Bartges J. W., Osborne C. A. ACVIM Small animal recommendations on the treatment and prevention of uroliths in dogs and cats. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 30 (2016)1564–1574. [12] Paßlack N., Brenten T., Neumann K., Zentek J. Effects of potassium chloride and potassium bicarbonate in the diet on urinary pH and mineral excretion of adult cats. British J. Nutr. 111 (2014) 785-797.